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FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF VAD FUEL EMISSION PERFORMANCE DATA VAD is the automobile's multivitamin!! Applied to internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and more. Four characteristics of VAD Fuel efficiency improvement, emission reduction (fumes) reduction, performance improvement, and data healing 2 VAD product development process 1~ 6th 7th 8th VAD Overview and Principles Flow chart of the electronic control device.(with VAD) Body Width: 60mm Length: 50mm Height: 30mm Weight: 200g Graph for improving performance and fuel efficiency by VAD. Formula ▶

Performance(100%) = Efficiency(%) + Loss(%) Efficiency ▶ Performance(%) Graph Increasing the ▶ efficiency(%) Loss ▶ Graph ▶ Loss reduction(%) ▶ Car 0 ▶ Model year Install VAD Install VAD 3 Product Name : VAD (Voltage Adjusting Device) The world's first electrical malfunction found by VAD The power electricity and control electricity of a vehicle must play a mutually compatible role through grounding (-), but since control electricity is a non-grounding method, it is difficult to improve performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions of internal combustion locomotives and hybrid vehicles, and

electric vehicles consume more electricity. The reason why ECU electricity (5V) was designed as ungrounded In the key-on state “ECU's vehicle operation control becomes unstable” because a small amount of current (A) flows through the vehicle body, but many electric devices operate after the engine is started. So, in order to suppress the disturbance of power electricity, ECU electricity was designed to be non-grounded. As the number of years increases, the electrical characteristics of parts deteriorate (in the case of internal combustion tubing), performance and fuel economy deteriorate, and

conversely, it was found that exhaust gas increased. This phenomenon is appearing in all cars around the world, such as new cars, used cars, buses, trucks, hybrid cars, and electric vehicles, where “electronic control methods are applied using ECUs”. 4 The effects of improvement (compared to model year) ● Fuel efficiency can be increased by up to 30%. ● It is feasible to reduce smoke by 50~90%. ● The more strength, the greater the agility and climbing capabilities. ● Shift shock is reduced or eliminated. ● Noise is reduced by 36dB. ● Knocking, vibration, and engine shutdown have all been

improved. ● Excellent riding comfort and audio quality. Installation method and follow-up management ● Installation method: Connect in parallel with the accelerator sensor. * TPS (Throttle Position Sensor) or APS ( Accelerator Position Sensor) ● Follow-up management: There is no requirement for separate care and aftercare services. Product Features ● ECU is a key control device that controls vehicle operation by generating and transmitting data. VAD technology is “a new state-of-the-art technology that electronically heal (correct, support) electrical troubles” which forms a new electronic

closed circuit between the vehicle's power electricity (1st electricity) and control electricity (2nd electricity) that occur in the process of ECU generating and transmitting of data. The effects of improvement (compared to model year) * Fuel economy (compared to the model year) can be improved by up to 30% * Smoke (compared to the model year) can be improved by 60-90%. * Engine output is stronger which becomes more responsive with better acceleration. * Shift shock, knocking, vibration, engine off, etc. are improved. * Prevents unexpected malfunctions. * Other noises. Ride quality is better.

5 EU Approval "VAD e-mark" Test of ARB in the United States Integrated graph of electromagnetic disturbance test from UK VCA and US ARB institutions VCA BB VCA NB VAD BB Automotive Board Bandwidth Limit Benz BB Automotive Narrow Bandwidth Limit VAD NB Benz NB VAD installed Board Bandwidth Limit VAD installed Narrow Bandwidth Limit VCA_BB : Board Bandwidth VCA_NB : Board Bandwidth Radiated Emission Test Mercedes Benz S-500 Test 6 Comparison chart b/w smoke reduction performance of VAD and DPF products List VAD DPF Technical term (Internal Process System) (External Process System) Reduction

Reduced in engine by Reduced DPF with physical Reduced in engine by method electric filtering method filtering method electric filtering method Reduction (CO), (HC), (NOx), Smoke (CO), (HC), (NOx), Smoke Reduce smoke only contents Fuel efficiency improvement, Fuel consumption Fuel efficiency improvement, Reduced fuel efficiency, and output output increase reduced output output increase Performance improvement Performance improvement (Vibration, noise, knocking, Other range of shift shock, starting - effect performance, voltage fluctuation, starting off, etc.) Management No AS required Required

periodically Durability Semi-permanent Durable (has lifetime) (lifetime) Installation Simple and easy Complex and difficult Specifications for each vehicle Range of use Common to all vehicle types type are required Safety(failure) No restriction on driving Some restrictions apply No restriction on driving while driving Dimensions(size) Small and light(about 200g) Big and heavy 7 Component verification cable tie Sticker Main body Battery-terminal earth wire TPS/APS connection pressure wire Component verification TPS/APS 5V wire battery earth(-) wire TPS/APS Output wire TPS/APS earth(-) wire LED

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